الإدارة المدنية للعراق في ظل الاحتلال البريطاني (1914 -1920م)

جامعة تكريت/ كلية الآداب

Abstract

   Britain paid close attention to the Arabian Gulf region, and Iraq in particular. This interest dates back to the early 17th century when the East India Company began opening agencies in the Arabian Gulf and the city of Basra. The Basra Agency, for example, became the East India Company's main center of activity. In its reports to the British government, the company emphasized Iraq's strategic location as the shortest route to British India. Based on this, Britain considered controlling Iraq crucial. After the outbreak of World War I and the Ottoman Empire's entry into the war on the side of Germany, the British government ordered the occupation of Iraq, which was then under Ottoman control. The era of World War I marked a turning point in modern Iraqi history. The conflict between the Ottoman Empire and Britain led to the entry of British forces and the occupation of Iraq, followed by the imposition of a British civil administration that contributed to shaping the country's political and social landscape. This research relies on Western and Arab historical sources to elucidate the objectives and nature of the British administration, its policies, and its impact on Iraqi society, culminating in its consequences and the emergence of subsequent governing systems